Hayati, D.H. and Fahrurrozi, F. 2026. Teaching Arabic Using the Total Physical Response (TPR) Approach to Beginners at Noor al-’Ilm Comprehensive Middle School, Medan. Kalamuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban. 7, 2 (Jul. 2026), 347–367. DOI:https://doi.org/10.52593/klm.07.2.09.